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AVAILABILITY OF LABORATORY FACILITIES IN CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT
IN SCHOOLS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
Background to the Study
Chemistry is the study that deals with the composition,
properties and the use of matter. It probes into the principles governing the
changes that matter undergoes: (Advanced Level Chemistry by John Murray). Our
world is made up of matter, chemistry is studied to acquire knowledge and learn
to observe, record and make intelligent inferences.
Chemistry as a modern science began a few hundred years ago,
when Chemists started to relate the observations they made about the substances
they were investigating, the theories of the structure of matter. It is studied
to acquire knowledge and learn to observe, record and make intelligent
inferences. Chemistry is first and foremost an empirical science. It is best
practiced and understood according to John Murray in the manner in which it
started, at the laboratory bench. Virtually, all our present day chemical
knowledge of the properties of elements and compounds and how they react
together to form new materials, has been discovered by skilled
experimentalists, often with a degree of serendipity.
The American Chemical Society at its centennial celebration
in 1976 defined chemistry as “the science and technology of taking things apart
and putting things together”. Simple as the above definition is, the society at
large has benefited tremendously. Chemistry has the potential to help the
nation develop her agriculture, drugs, energy resources, construction
materials, soaps and detergents, textiles, foods and beverages, etc.
Chemistry as a science, as stipulated in the National Policy
on Education (2004) is to equip students to live effectively in our modern age
of science and technology. This goal can only become a reality if the
theoretical scientific concepts are buttressed with practical or experiment
demonstrated through the use of laboratory.
The laboratory has been given a central and distinctive role
in chemistry education and chemistry educators have suggested that rich
benefits in learning, accrue from using laboratory activities. The success of
chemistry education is associated with the use of laboratory facilities.
A chemistry laboratory is a chemical building where one can
perform in actual the different reactions that have been learnt in the books or
heard in lectures.
Laboratory facilities are needed in all its ramifications for
the purpose of achieving specific goals, and aid or facility can be used for
instructional process and development. It is therefore imperative for teachers
to use instructional aids to make their teaching more interesting, effective to
arrest and sustain more attention of the students for effective learning to
take place.
The chemistry laboratory is one of the most interesting and
rewarding academic experiences one encounters, it is one of those experiences
that will enable one to interpret the principles and apply the calculations
presented in the textbook and lecture to the collected data in the laboratory.
Chemistry has been taught in our schools in the past by the traditional
talk-chalk process which confers on the teacher as the “know all machine”.
Recent changes in the various subject matter, availability of
instructional facilities and methodology in the teaching of chemistry
originated partly from the expanding research work in the universities
education centres and professional views.
It is common knowledge that students do better through
personal observation of objects or phenomena than reading about them in
textbooks. The laboratory practice is one of the best and most important
instructional media for effective learning because it makes real what is
abstract.
In this wise, students prefer experiments as it enables them
to observe, classify and interpret results from concrete data laboratory
practice. Practical work is very important in the learning of chemistry. A lot
of practical work has been done in laboratories to assure proper understanding
of chemistry.
In a chemistry laboratory, the most common and widely used
equipment are those made of glass, with glass ware.
Laboratory facilities are classified in chemistry into:
Chemistry laboratory equipment which include; Dry bath,
centrifuge, thistle tube, Rectangular water bath, Bunsen burner, Water bath,
Digital thermometer, Thermometers, pH meters.
Laboratory consumables – filtering flasks, plastic funnel,
distillation apparatus, chromatography apparatus, Petri dish, volumetric flask,
boiling flasks.
Laboratory accessories – Tripod stand, stop clock, Test
chambers, Laboratory stands, Laboratory clamps, Laboratory stoppers.
Laboratory mixing equipment – Mixers, shakers magnetic
stirrers.
Laboratory Liquid Handling Equipment – Burette, laboratory
pipette, Diluters, laboratory dispensers, peristaltic pump, syringes.
Laboratory Cooling Equipment – chillers, freezers, laboratory
refrigerators etc.
Laboratory Filtration Equipment – laboratory filters, filter
paper, filtration pump, extraction thimbles, filtration mesh, Gooch crucible.
Laboratory Safety Equipment – Personal protective equipment,
general laboratory safety equipment.
It is therefore necessary to examine the availability and
utilization of these facilities in the senior secondary schools.
The assessments is an investigation and verification measure
to help in determining the extent to which thee schools possess these
facilities and the utilization of these facilities.
Statement of Problem
In many of our secondary schools today, students perceive
chemistry subject as a difficult subject because it involves imagination of
objects, this was why chemistry teachers have been urged to be more practical
in their approach to the teaching of chemistry.
In developing countries like Nigeria, the importance of
chemistry can not be over emphasized and its teaching is therefore a sine qua
non to scientific and technological advancement.
The practical approach to the teaching of chemistry requires
facilities, materials and equipment.
The assessment will attempt to study the availability of
these facilities and its utilization.
Purpose of the Study
The purpose of this study is to identify chemistry laboratory
facilities recommended. There have been growing decline in the usage of
laboratory facilities due to inadequate laboratory facilities. The purpose of
this study is also to assess these facilities in the laboratory for the
teaching of chemistry in some selected secondary schools in Egor Local
Government Area of Edo State.
Significance of the Study
This research findings and recommendations will assist the
authorities that are responsible for providing laboratory facilities for
schools available. It will also provide useful information to the government
during allocation and distribution of chemistry laboratory facilities to
schools.
Finally, the study will provide information as to the
required and appropriate materials and equipment for the teaching of chemistry
to chemistry teachers.
Research Questions
What percentage of schools has laboratory consumables?
What percentage of schools has chemistry laboratory
equipment?
What percentage of schools has laboratory accessories?
What percentage of schools has laboratory mixing equipment?
What percentage of schools has laboratory liquid handling
equipment?
What percentage of schools has laboratory cooling equipment?
What percentage of schools has laboratory filtration
equipment?
What percentage of schools has laboratory safety equipment?
Scope or Delimitation
This study is an assessment of the availability and actual
use of laboratory facilities in some selected senior secondary schools in Egor
Local Government Area of Edo-State. The study does not intend to evaluate the
effectiveness of the uses in the teaching/learning process.
The performance of the students will not be discussed but the
status of the facilities will be investigated.
Definition of Terms
Assessment: In simple term, assessment means examination or
testing of laboratory facilities.
Laboratory Facilities: This term means all forms of
educational equipment that are used to perform experiments which makes learning
more easy or simple.
Laboratory Practice: This involves the manipulation of
apparatus in an experimentally determined environment to either find out the
true theoretical assumption or to disapprove such assumptions.
Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination: The
examination taken at the end of the senior secondary school programme.
Instructional Media: Instructional media is a way or act in
which information is being transferred to another through the use of materials
or equipment or aids.
Technology: Technology is the application of principles in
science to everyday human activities on the science of individual arts.
HOW TO RECEIVE PROJECT
MATERIAL(S)
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paying the appropriate amount (#5,000) into our bank Account below, send the following
information to
08068231953
or 08168759420
(1) Your project topics
(2) Email Address
(3) Payment Name
(4) Teller Number
We will send your material(s) after we receive bank alert
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ACCOUNTS
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Bank: GTBank.
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Account Name: AMUTAH DANIEL CHUKWUDI
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Bank: FIRST BANK
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