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THE PROBLEM ENCOUNTERED BY THE WIDOW IN KADUNA SOUTH
ABSTRACT
This research work titled “The Problem Encountered By The
Widow In Kaduna South” this research is carry out to examine the problem of
widow and their relationship with their husband’s relations, a large number of
the widows claimed to be in conflict with their husbands’ relations. This may
not be unconnected with frictions, which arise in an attempt by their husband’s
relations at trying to disposes them. The study also shows that majority of the
widows do not have sufficient education and hence not empowered before their
husbands’ death. This in effect contributes to the major problems, which affect
most of the widows. On sources of support for the widows and their children,
majority of the widows are farmers and petty trades and do not have other
sources of support apart from themselves. A social survey was adopted in
carrying out this project with a sample size of 50 was selected for this
research work. The study recommends the active involvement of government,
churches, widows’ relations and friends and social workers in assisting the
widows. What the work achieves is the mapping out of welfare packages for
widows, which if adopted by government, will be very helpful in solving the
problem of widows. This research hopes to be a major contribution to the growing
literature on widowhood and gender issues.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page - -
- - -
- - -
- - i
Declaration
- - -
- - -
- -
- - ii
Approval Page - -
- - -
- - -
- iii
Dedication -
- - -
- - -
- - -
iv
Acknowledgement
- - -
- - -
- - v
Abstract - -
- - -
- - -
- - vi
Table of contents
- - -
- - -
- - -
vii
Chapter one: Introduction
1.1
Background of the study
- - -
- - -
- 1
1.2
Statement of problem - -
- - -
- - 3
1.3
Objectives of the study - -
- - -
- - 4
1.4
Significance of study - -
- - -
- - 4
1.5 Research
questions - -
- - -
- -
- 6
1.6 Scope of
the study - -
- - -
- - -
6
1.7
Definition of terms - -
- - -
- - -
7
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0
Introduction - -
- - -
- - -
8
2.1 Widowhood rites
and rituals - - -
- - -
8
2.2 Widowhood
practices - - -
- - -
- 13
2.3 Disinheritance
of widows - -
- - -
- 23
2.4 Violation of
widows’ rights - -
- - -
- 28
2.5 Psychological
and emotional effects of widowhood
- - 30
CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.0 Methodology -
- - -
- - -
- 36
3.1 Research
design - -
- - -
- - 36
3.2 Population of
the study - -
- - -
- - 37
3.3 Sample size and
sampling technique - -
- - 37
3.4 Instruments for
data collection - -
- - -
37
3.5 Administration
of the instrument/data collection-
- - 38
3.6 Data
Analysis - - -
- - -
- 39
CHAPTER FOUR: Data presentation and analysis
4.0 Findings,
analysis and discussion- - -
- - -
41
4.1 Analysis of
respondents characteristic- -
- - -
41
4.2 Effects of
widowhood - - -
- - -
- - 42
4.3 Society’s perception
of widows- - -
- - -
46
CHAPTER FIVE: Summary of findings, Conclusion and
Recommendations
5.0
Introduction - -
- - -
- - -
49
5.1 Summary - - -
- - -
- - 49
5.2 Conclusion - -
- -
- - -
- 50
5.3 Recommendation
- - -
- - -
- - 50
Bibliography - -
- - -
- - -
- 54
Appendix
i - -
- - -
- - -
56
Appendix ii
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF
STUDY
Widowhood is seriously attracting attention professionals in
Nigeria. This is because of cultural factors associated with women after the
death of their husband. This project examines the problem encountered by widow
in Kaduna south Local Government Kaduna.
Widowhood is one of
the events of life, which women go through. It is the loss of a husband,
breadwinner and supporter. According to Saba (19)7), (his event, is usually
followed by a period of bereavement after which the woman begins to adjust to
the loss, and plans for her future and the future of her children.
There is no doubt that widowhood is a big problem, which is
affecting a large percentage of women today. As we all know, a highly dependent
woman may Find it very difficult carrying on the daily responsibilities of her
family all alone. This is because she has been used to her husband providing
for the family. This, in effect, explains why in most cases, the woman will be
too confused to know that she is supposed to come to terms with the fact that
she can never bring her husband back to life, and as such, should start
thinking about how to adjust to her new role as the head of the family. Apart
from the initial psychological effects of widowhood, there are also long-term
effects of widowhood on women (Saba 1997).
Bodge (1950); Holden and Kuo (1906) opines that widowhood has
been noted ( be accompanied by a drop in economic well—being of women and
according to Saba (1997), this drop in economic well-being is usually very
stressful for women because traditionally, the men are supposed to be the
breadwinner and provider. When the woman suddenly finds herself occupying this
role, she is likely to become so tensed up and confused, that if she is not
counseled, she and her children may end up suffering throughout their lifetime.
In many parts of Nigeria, widowhood has been identified as a
form of social problem. It debases womanhood as well as creates economic
instability and uncertainty for both widows and their children.
Most widows’ problems start immediately after the
pronouncement of their husbands’ death. In some cases, the relatives do demand
for documents of their husbands’ property and even go to the extent of
dispossessing them of their husbands’ bank accounts.
Widows and their children arc maltreated by their
husbands/fathers’ relations. They arc treated as if they have no right to
exist. This maltreatment usually leads to psychological breakdown of the widow.
Her children not left. Out as most of them are withdrawn from school because
their mother has been dispossessed of all she has. This type of neglect results
in the children of the widow becoming societal deviants as they may seek solace
in gangs and involve themselves in some forms of deviant behavior.
1.1 STATEMENT OF
PROBLEM
In Kaduna south local government just like in many other
states of Nigeria, widowhood practices are seen as serious problems, which also
have serious implications to widows, their children, and the society.
Many widows arc made to go through a series of dehumanizing
treatment, which according to the people who administer these practices, is to
purify the widow against some ill luck, which are associated with widowhood.
This treatment affects the widows physically, psychologically and emotionally,
thereby causing havoc to them.
It has also been observed that most widows are dispossessed
of their husbands’ property in the event of their husbands’ death. This affects
both the widows and their children adversely. Even more is that most of the
widows arc not economically empowered before the death of their husbands. This
most times, could lead to their children being withdrawn from school because
their mother has been dispossessed of all her possessions. This development
could have negative impact on the children of the widows.
This study therefore investigates the various effects of
widowhood practices on the widows in Kaduna south local government with the aim
of suggesting intervention, which if implemented, will help the widows and
their children cope with everyday living.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF
THE STUDY
The objectives of this study therefore tire the following:
1. To investigate
the various effects of widowhood as social problem.
2. To identify
various intervention strategies which will help in alleviating the problems of
widows and,
3. To examine ways
in which widows can be empowered through committed activities of the
government, social workers, widows associations, non-governmental
organizations, churches and relations.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE STUDY
The study of widowhood will help the general public to
understand the effects of harmful widowhood practices.
This research will also help widows to learn how to resist
some obnoxious widowhood practices. These practices have posed challenges to
social workers, who are expected to help in enlightening the widows on their
right to resist some attempts at coercing them into dehumanizing
Furthermore, through some intervention strategies that are
mapped out, the investigation will help widows adjust and work towards
realizing their full potentials
Another significance of Ibis study is that it poses a
challenge to
social workers and non-governmental organizations that widows
problems arc areas which have been neglected for so long, as such effort should
be channel towards looking into the affairs of widows, thought the organization
of seminars and symposia, provision of counseling services both in the areas of
career and crises management, and the enlightenment of the general public.
The study also stands to favour the widows and their children
as the enlightenment, programmes and workshops will help in educating the
general public, especially husbands to write their wills and also empower their
wives when they arc alive, so that they will not be subjected to any
dehumanizing treatment or even dispossessed in the event of their deaths.
1.4 SCOPEOFSTUDY
Widowhood study is a very wide area of research. Most communities
in Nigeria have varying degrees of widowhood practices and experiences. This
research will certainly not be able to undertake a comprehensive investigation
of various issues and questions that are associated with widowhood practices,
rituals, and experiences in the entire country. This study will be limited to
the Kaduna south local government area.
1.5 OPERATIONAL
DEFINITION OF TERMS
1.5.1 Widow: A woman who lost her husband to death.
1.5.2 Marriage by inheritance: This is also known as
levirate. It is a tradition being carried out by some communities whereby a
widow is forced to marry the brother of her late husband, if she is to remain
in her late husband’s house.
1.5.3 Widowhood Practices: These are actions, which arc
carried out either by the widow or the relations of the deceased to the widow
in fulfillment of some rites, which are administered to the widow, during the
mourning period.
1.5.4 Obnoxious rites/rituals: These are unpleasant customary
practices carried out by the relations of the widows on the widows. These
rituals according to the people, who practice them, are said to purge the
widows of some ill luck, which they may come across as a result of their
husbands’ death.
1.5.5 Interventions: This as used in this study, means those
things that put in place to prevent the effects of harmful widowhood practices
on the widows mid their children, so as to help them realize their full
potential.
1 1.5.6 Empowerment: This is the act of giving power to the
widows in order for them to be economically independent, socially liberated and
legally aware of their rights.
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