EFFECTS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ON THE ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
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EFFECTS OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ON THE ACADEMIC
PERFORMANCE OF STUDENTS IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND STUDY
Socioeconomic statusis an economic and sociological combined
total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family’s
economic and social position relativeto others, based on incomeand education,
and occupation (Marmot, Michael, 2004) indicates
When analyzing a family’s social economic status, the
household income, earners’ education and occupation are examined, as well as
combined income, versus with an individual, when their own attributes are
assessed.Lareau, Annette ( 2003) observes that
Socioeconomic status is typically broken into three
categories, high, middle,and lowto describe the three areas a familyor an
individual may fall into when placing a family or individual into one of these
categories any or allof the three variables income,education, and occupationcan
be assessed.Additionally, low incomeand little education have shown to be
strong predictors of a range of physical and mental health problemsdue to
environmental conditions may be the entire cause of that person’ssocial predicament
to begin with.Simiyu, J.W (2001) argues that Thefamily income refers towages
salaries,profit, rents and any flow of earnings received.Income canalso come in
the form of unemployment or workers compensation, social security, pensions,
interests or dividends, royalties, trusts, alimony, or other governmental,
public, or family financial assistance.Income can belooked at in two terms,
relative andabsolute. Absolute income, as theorized by economistKeyenes,is the
relationship in which as income increases, so will consumption, but not at the
same rate
Low income focuseson meeting immediate needs and do not
accumulate wealth that could be passed on to future generations, thus
increasing inequality. Families with higher and expendable income can
accumulate wealth and focus on meeting immediate needs while being able to
consume and enjoy luxuries and weather crises (GOK, 1983)Ominde, S.H (1964)
observes that Education plays a major role in skill sets for acquiring jobs, as
well as specific qualities that stratify people with higher from lower Social
economic status. Annette Lareau speaks on the idea of concerted cultivation,
where middle class parents take an active role in their children’s education
and development by using controlled organized activities and fostering a sense
of entitlement through encouraged discussion. Laureau argues that families with
lower income do not participate in this movement, causing their children to
have a sense of constraint. A division in education attainment is thus born out
of these two differences in child rearGachathi, P (1976) indicates that
Occupational prestige as one component of socio-economic status encompasses
both income and educational attainment
Occupational status reflects the educational attainment
required to obtain the job and income levels that vary with different jobs and
within ranks of occupations. Additionally, it shows achievement in skills
required for the job. Occupational status measures social position by
describing job characteristics, decision making ability and control, and
psychological demands on the job(Erick, Nyakundietal, 2012). So this study
focuses on the effects of socio-economic conditions on the academic performance
of students in senior secondary school.
1.2 STATEMENT OF
THE PROBLEM
It has been observed that children of parents with a high
socioeconomic status tended to express more "disengagement"
behavioursthan their less fortunate peers. In this context, disengagement
behavioursrepresentactions such as fidgeting with other objects and drawing
pictures while being addressed. Other participants born into less
favouredcircumstances tended to make more eye contact,nods as signs of
happiness when put into an interactive social environment. The more fortuitous
peers felt less inclined to gain rapport with their group because they saw no
need for their assistance in the future.
A family's socioeconomic status is based on family income,
parentaleducation level, parental occupation, and social status in the
community such as contacts within the community, group associations, and the
community's academic performanceof the family, Families with high socioeconomic
status often have more success in preparing their young children for school
because they typically have access to a wide range of resources to promote and
support young children's development. They are able to provide their young
children with high-quality child care, books, and toys to encourage children in
various learning activities at home. Also, they have easy access to information
regarding their children's health, as well as social, emotional, and cognitive
development. In addition, families with high socioeconomic status often seek
out information to help them better preparetheir young children for school.
So this study is aimed at investigating the effects of
socio-economic conditions on the academic performance of students in senior
secondary schools in Ota Local government of Ogun State.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF
THE STUDY
The general purpose of this study is to examine effects of
socio-economic conditions on the academic performance of students in senior
secondary schools in Ota Local government of Ogun State. The specific
objectives of the study are:
1. To examine the
impact of family background on the academic performance of students in senior
secondary schools in Ota Local government of Ogun State.
2. To find out the
influence of home environment on the academic performance of students in senior
secondary schools in Ota Local government of Ogun State.
3. To know the
implication of peer influence on the academic performance of students in senior
secondary schools in Ota Local government of Ogun State.
4. To ascertain the
effects of school environment on the academic performance of students in senior
secondary schools in Ota Local government of Ogun State.
5. To determine the
relationship between parents’ income and the academic performances of students
in senior secondary schools.
1.4 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS
The relevant research questions related to this study are:
1. What is the
impact of family background on the academic performance of students in senior
secondary schools in Ota Local government of Ogun State?
2. What is the
influence of home environment on the academic performance of students in senior
secondary schools in Ota Local government of Ogun State?
3. What is the
implication of peer influence on the academic performance of students in senior
secondary schools in Ota Local government of Ogun State?
4. What are the
effects of school environment on the academic performance of students in senior
secondary schools in Ota Local government of Ogun State?
5. What is the
relationship between parents’ income and the academic performances of students
in senior secondary schools?
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF
THE STUDY
The findings from this study are relevant to students,
teachers, parents, guardians and school management. To students, the study helps to elucidate the
influence of some socioeconomic conditions on their academic performance, it
has been observed that peer influence is a major factor responsible for poor
academic performances among secondary students.
The financial income of parents is one of the major factors
that determines the academic performances of students, this study helps parents
to know their responsibilities in ensuring that their wards are financial
catered for.
Poor school environment is also a factor responsible for poor
academic performances among students. This study also help the school
managements to know their roles in providing a conducive leaning environment
for students.
This study will enhance the existing body of literature by
contemplating the areas of the literature that have not yet been examined or
considered and incorporating these factors into the current study. The study
will thus form the basis for further studies in the field.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE
STUDY
The scope of this study is restricted to the study of the
effects of socio-economic conditions on the academic performance of students in
senior secondary schools in Ota Local government of Ogun State. Secondary
schools in Ota Local government are used as sample material.
1.7 LIMITATION OF
THE STUDY
Some of the major constraints the researchers encountered in
putting up this research include lack of time, lack of willingness to give
information
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