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THE ECONOMY IMPACT OF THE DEREGULATION OF THE
TELECOMMUNICATION INDUSTRY IN NIGERIA
ABSTRACT
In this research work, we considered "The Economy impact
of the deregulation of the Telecommunication Industry in Nigeria". Our
major concentration was on the Nigeria market because Telecommunication is a
very broad research topic.
This project has helped us know that deregulating the Telecom
sector has contributed immensely to the Nigeria Economy positively. In order to
get this, we looked at deregulation in the real sense, what deregulating the
telecom sector means and its impact on the economy. A descriptive method was
employed in looking at this topic based on the usefulness in accomplishing a
task.
This findings revealed that the economy has been affected
positively through the deregulation of the telecommunication sector in Nigeria,
and has led to nation. building to a great extent.
CHAPTER ONE
Introduction
By development of Telecom in Nigeria started in 1886 with the
laying of the first telegraphic submarine cable by the British firm cable and
wireless Limited. The Nigerian government joined the British firm as a senior
partner under the name Nigeria External Telecommunication Ltd. (NET) in 1962.
By 1984/85 Nigeria separated postal and telecom function of
party department, consequently NITEL was crated and telecom services became
commercial. NITEL due to its monopoly network could not meet up with public
expectations and demands and this led to government decision to partially
liberalize Nigeria Telecommunication sector via the promulgation of the Nigeria
communication decree 1992.
However, despite the huge potential offered by the Nigeria
telecom market, the progress was slow. A new policy was released in year 2000
which now serve as the blueprint for full liberalization of the telecom
industry and as at today the market is the biggest and fastest growing in
Africa and the eight fastest growing in the world.
1.1.2
(Pre-Independence Era)
Telecommunications in Nigeria began in 1886 when a cable
connection was established between Lagos and the colonial office in London. By
1893 government offices in Lagos were provided with telephone service which was
later extended to Ilorin and Jebba in the hinterland. A slow but steady process
of development in the years that followed to the gradual formation of the
nucleus of a national telecommunication network.
In 1923, the first commercial trunk telephone service between
Itu and Calabar was established. Between 1946and 1952, a three channel line
carrier system was commission between Lagos and Ibadan, and later was extended
to Osogbo, Kaduna, Kano, Benin and Enugu; thus connecting the colonial office
in London with Lagos and the commercial centres in the country with Local
authority offices.
The main transmission medium during the pre-independence era
was unshielded twisted pair. This evolved later from rural carrier systems on
high gauge lines to line carrier systems of twelve channel capacity systems.
Salloto medium-capacity systems employing VHF and UHF radio were introduced
around 1955. The first serious attempt at planning telecommunications services
in the country was the 1955-1962 development programme.
It provided for the expansion of the trunk using a VHF
multichannel radio system on a nationwide basis and a short microwave link
between Lagos and Ibadan.
1.1.3 Post colonial Era
Nigeria embarked on a periodic national development plan with
the attainment of independence in 1960.
Telecommunication development was featured in each of these
plans which were usually of a five year duration.
The focus of attention in this period was the expansion of
the network to meet the needs of the fledging commercial and industrial.
The specific objectives includes:-
- Instal1ation
of additional 60,000 telephone lines to bring the total number of lines to
90,000 by the end of the decade.
- Expansion of
trunk dialing facilities to link the major urban centres that were then
springing centres that were then springing up. Establishment of the Nigeria
External telecommunications (NET) limited.
Unfortunately, only 26,000 lines i.e 40% could be added to
the existing network partly because of under funding and partly because of
disruption caused to the economy by the Nigerian Civil War (1967-1970).
Nevertheless, there are some achievement which inc1udes:-
Installation of a microwave radio transmission system to link
the cities of Lagos, Ibadan, Enugu, Benin and Port Harcourt all of which are in
the southern part of Nigeria's transmission system. Preparatory work toward the
establishment of NET as a limited liability company also started.
1.1.4 Plan
Period
It aimed at increasing the telephone facilities from 50,000
lines to 750,000 lines an increase of about 1,400%. In the area of switching,
three contracts were awarded to add over 340,000 lines to Nigeria's networks.
- In the first
contract for the contingency loan - forty five locations were to receive
exchanges with a total installation capacity of 162,000 lines and twelve other
exchange were to be expanded by 48,000 lines.
- The second
covered turnkey projects 147 locations to receive external line plant and
switching equipment to add an additional 121,000 lines.
- The third
contract covered mobile exchange provided for installation of29 mobile exchange
with 11,300 lines.
It was envisages .that the total number of installed
telephone lines in Nigeria at the end of the plan period would increase to
612,000.
During this period, the telecommunication arm of the
Department of Posts and Telecommunications was merged with the Nigerian
External Telecommunications Ltd. (NITEL) a limited liability company that today
administers both Internal and External telecommunications services in Nigeria.
1.1.5 The
Present
Nigeria is widely recognized as one of the major markets for telecommunications
business opportunities in the world with a population of over 140 million.
Since the democratic governance of the world had turned to Nigeria as the
country with the highest potential. Nigeria has continued to attract the
attention of serious local and foreign investors.
Though some companies were given licenses to operate before
1999, full market liberalization only commenced in earnest with government
enacting a new telecom. Policy document in September 2000, produced after full
stakeholder consultations. The telecommunication was finally deregulated in
2001 and this change the story of the sector. Unlike the days when it was just
NITEL that people will have to wait for so many years to get their lines fixed
after paying huge amount of money , and so many does have that privilege and so
will have to go to call thereby waiting for ages because of the long queue.
In 2003 a new law was enacted to boost investors confidence
and provide clear rules of engagement for industry stakeholders. Private
investment in the sector has grown from about 150m in 1999 to over $25 billion
by 2010 with commensurate rapid growth in subscriber lines. The nations
teledensity stands at about 65% with about 89 million connected lines by end of
2010.
In fact by year 2000, Nigeria had only 400,000 connected
telephone line and 25,000 analogue mobile lines. The total teledensity stood at
a paltry 0.4 lines per 100 inhabitants. Between 1960 and 2000 the number of
connected lines grew at an average of 10,000 lines per annum but since 2001 it
has witnessed an average growth rate of over 10 million lines per annum. Bye
end of 2010 Nigeria had attained over 80 million lines and the teledensity
figures soared from 0.4lines per 100 inhabitants recorded in 1999to 65 lines per
100 inhabitants by the end of 2010.
1.2 STATEMENT OF
PROBLEM.
Given the magnitude of economic problems which confronted
Nigeria.
Since the early 1980s Stagnant growth rising inflation,
unemployment, food shortages and mounding external debts, The economic reforms
became paramount and telecommunication sector was equally reform to enhance a
better communication system.
For many years it was an exclusive preserve of the
government.
The sole operation was the government monopoly NITEL. As at
January 2001 only 400,000 functional lines was on ground and more than half
resided in the government offices and corporation, only a few of Nigerians had
access to their own telephones.
The customers service was poor and subscribers waited for
years to get phones installed after paying a high fee of about 150,000 and more
long queues were common at public payphone boots, getting a dialing tone on
phone was often impossible for hours especially during the peak hours, As
Telecommunication improves business processes becomes more efficient and
productive.
1.3 RESEARCH
QUESTIONS.
Considering the projects topic. The economy impact of the
deregulation of the telecommunication industry in Nigeria, solutions will be
proffered to the following problems:-
1) Why do
government deregulate the telecommunication industry in Nigeria?
2) What are the
importance of deregulation to telecommunication industry?
3) What are the
effects of deregulation on the growth of telecommunication industry in
Nigeria.?
4) What benefit do
governments derive from the growth of telecommunication industry?
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF
THE STUDY
For every Endeavour of man on earth there are some objectives
of this study include the following.
1) To trace the
History of telecommunication in Nigeria.
2) To examine the
effect of past government monopoly policy on telecommunication industry in
Nigeria.
3) To enumerate
measures of deregulation in the telecommunication industry.
4) To identify and
examine the effect of deregulation on the growth of telecommunication industry
in Nigeria.
5) To identify the
challenges facing telecommunication industry in Nigeria.
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF
STUDY
There are numerous benefits that could be gained from this
study but I will enumerates two major significance which are academic importance
and government Economic importance.
- Academic importance:
This piece of research work will be of immense benefit to students
aiming at working on this aspect of the economy because they will be able to
make use of the information therein.
-- Government / Economic importance. If government can adhere
and stick to. various facts which are generated through this research work, it
will help in economic policy formulation of the country.
1.6 HYPOTHESIS
Ho...The telecommunication industries have not been
positively affected by deregulation.
Hi…The telecommunication industries have been positively
affected by deregulation.
1.7
RESEARCHMETHOLOGY
Primary data will be used to get enough information which
will be relevant to the study and this 'will be done through the use of
questionnaire. In light of this, percentage method will used to test the
validity of this research work.
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